It is suitable for the production of flat structure transmission lines of microwave integrated circuits. Telegram. Step number two is used to find the width of the patch. Here, = resistivity at copper. Everything RF. At frequencies ranging from 30 to 40 GHz, conductor losses are around 0. This frequency to wavelength calculator helps you determine the wavelength of a waveform based on the frequency. a (Waveguide width): :To minimize its dimension of the half-wavelength filter, it required a hairpin microstrip line structure. 2. Select between microstrip or stripline. Each student was assigned a unique frequency, 2. In this paper, we will explain the design and simulation of a microstrip patch antenna array. Typically the height h is much smaller than the wavelength of operation, but should not be much smaller than 0. 92. 43. The Microstrip Open-Stub EIT Resonator Design. PathWave Advanced Design System (ADS) Background. Housing dimensions are selected for microstrip circuits (left) to minimize losses. The length of the dipole is usually one-half of the wavelength of the RF signals. 76mm Rogers4350B substrate at a certain frequency and with 35 micron copper thickness, line width becomes 0. The design will have three transmission lines of different characteristic impedance and each section will be a quarter-wavelength long at mid band. Example 3. For example if RL = 50ohm and Zin = 100 Ohm the impedence is 70. 75. This calculator helps you determine the magnitude of the crosstalk that could occur on a microstrip given its dimensions and source voltage. Patterns are somewhat hemispherical, with a moderate directivity (about 6-8 dB is typical). Solution At the design frequency, the impedance looking into this section of line from the emitter should be equal to that of a 2. L = inductance in H. T= Experimental temperature. Figure 3-7 shows a cross-sectional diagram of stripline. 2uS. 045 dB per wavelength for a 50 : line on a 10 mil substrate with Hr=2. There are two general PCB trace structures [note*]: stripline and microstrip. The higher the value, the larger the loss. Problem 2. The fringing field has an important effect on the accurate theoretical modeling and performance analysis of microstrip patch antennas. The dipole length is 2 m with a wire radius of 2 mm. Their low profile design, often square or rectangular, allows them to be mounted to flat surfaces. The right-hand side of Equation (5. In radio technology, crosstalk is a phenomenon wherein a signal in a conductor jumps to an adjacent conductor. This parameter is used for the loss calculations. For example, if you wish to input "25000000", just type "25M" instead. The microstrip patch antenna model used for the numerical simulation in Ansoft HFSS is shown in Fig. Based on the below fig, the formula for calculating the radius of each Fresnel Zone (1,2,3,. Don’t forget to check out our other. The WaveAnalyzer 1500S is an Optical Spectrum Analyzer offering very high spectral resolution in combination with a fast update rate of 4 measurements per second across the entire C-band. They consist of a conductor fabricated on the dielectric substrate of permittivity ‘𝜀r’ with a grounded plane. Added period input to Wavelength calculator. The trace resistance of a microstrip is important in determining how much power it dissipates. 1-10. Note the stub is attached in parallel at the source end of the primary line. Wavelength in microstrip line. Frequency. The signal exiting the output port of the first transmission line is called the “through” (sometimes called the “direct”) signal since it is directly connected to the input port and the signal. The Farad is named after Michael Faraday. 4 GHz operation on a substrate with 2. Embedded Microstrip Impedance Calculator This calculator helps you compute the characteristic impedance of an embedded microstrip. Relative Dielectric Constant ( εr ): Track Width (S): mm. Stripline guided wavelength: Microstrip guided wavelength: Note: The guided wavelength of a microstrip line can be given by equation 1, where λ 0 is the free space wavelength at operation frequency and ε re is the effective dielectric constant: The associated propagation constant (β) and phase velocity (v p ) can be given by equations 2 and 3, respectively, where c is the velocity of light in the free space. In fact, striplines often make components such as band-pass filter's more accurately, with more symmetric roll-off and no lower cutoff frequency. The effects of unfavorable housing height versus wavelength and different parasitic modes is shown (right). Diagram of the feed structure of a microstrip antenna array. In conclusion, microstrip inductors are becoming increasingly popular in the design and manufacture of electronic circuits. Through-reflect-line calibration is often used for de-embedding S-parameter data, especially on-wafer MMIC data. A microstrip is a type of transmission line that consists of a conductor fabricated on dielectric substrate with a grounded plane. Step 3/4 1. Stripline Crosstalk Calculator This tool is designed to calculate cross-talk coefficient and coupled voltage for a. Go to our download area and grab a free copy of our TRL calibration calculator spreadsheet, it will automatically calculate the best line lengths for any frequency range. Overview. Distributed-element filters are mostly used at frequencies above the VHF (Very High Frequency) band (30 to 300 MHz ). 1 λ g in the microstrip line direction, where λ g is the microstrip line guided wavelength at the lowest frequency having an. 22mm. 28, Quarter Wavelength = 0. Data safety. In the “Parts” window, select the “TLines – Microstrip” palette. This is the online directional coupler calculator that calculates the coupling (dB), coupling loss(dB), insertion loss (dB), and directivity (dB) of a directional coupler by entering the value of input power P1 (dBm/Watt(s)), output power. A microstrip line is a microwave transmission line composed of a single conductor strip supported on a dielectric substrate. 11. The high-impedance lines act as series inductors and the low-impedance lines act as shunt. 4269 GHz and 6. Wavelength to Frequency Calculator. [1] [2] [3] In other words, it is the length of the conductor measured in wavelengths. The wavelength on a transmission line,. ). SynthesisA variant of coplanar waveguide is formed when a ground plane is provided on the opposite side of the dielectric, which is called finite ground-plane coplanar waveguide (FGCPW), or more simply, grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW). 4: Microstrip Transmission Lines. The microstrip patch antenna calculator determines the length (L) and width (W) of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna for a given resonant frequency or vice versa. For Example WR-650 means a waveguide whose cross section width is 6500 mils. Following formula/equations are used in the Whip. By determining its trace resistance, the contribution of a microstrip to the overall circuit resistance can be evaluated. 3: Normalized characteristic impedance and normalized effective permittivity of a microstrip line as a function of u = w / h. 5 inches OUTPUTS: Capacitance = -1. 57 mm thickness. Scroll to continue with content. We use an interpolation approach. 1 : microstrip line . λ is the wavelength of the signal in free space. 57 mm thickness. Coplanar Waveguide With Ground Characteristic Impedance Calculator. Reflow soldering uses hot air, while wave soldering uses a 'wave' of solder to mass-produce PCBs. Microstrip Calculator; Reactance Calculator; Percent Bandwidth; Resonant Frequency Calculator ; Skin Depth Calculator; Stripline Calculator; VSWR Calculator; Unequal. - Reflection Attenuator Calculator. Where, P = Transmitted power/power input in Watts. e. The microstrip line is one of the most popular choices of transmission lines in microwave and RF circuits. In this measurement, a voltage source is used to excite Port 1 and the received signal at. The remaining three Electromagnetic Engineering Calculators are general purpose analysis tools. The formulas for calculating the signal speed on a PCB are given below:. This kind of port simulates an infinitely long waveguide connected to the structure. Three different equal split Wilkinson power dividers are designed to operate near 1800 MHz and constructed using typical microstrip fabrication techniques. Wavelength of the highest frequency signal, 𝛌 𝐦 = 𝐯/𝐟 𝐦. 3 calculate α d at 1 GHz for the 50 Ω line given that the loss tangent, tan δ for the microstrip is 0. Easy to incorporate with other microstrip circuit elements and integrate into systems. 20 Apr 2021. 4 and 5. Wavelength Calculator (TEM) Calculate a wavelength in the presence of a dielectric. Examples of TEM: Free space, Coax, Stripline, Waveguide. It supports both balanced and unbalanced lines. Tank Circuit Resonance Calculator RF Power Conversion Calculator Power Density Calculator Capacitance, Reactance, and Admittance Calculator Microstrip Wavelength Calculator Waveguide Calculator (Circular) VSWR / Return Loss Calculator T-Pad Attenuator Calculator Skin Depth Calculator RF Power Ratio. e. This is effectively a wide piece of microstrip transmission line approximately λ g /2 long, which makes it resonant at the operating frequency. 11. 1) Equivalent electric and magnetic surface current densities of a dipole antennaIt covers microstrip based DCS band design example of mobile patch antenna. A stripline has two references, often multiple ground planes, and are surrounded with the dielectric. f if the frequency of the RF signals. If you consider the PCB trace as a lossless transmission line, the characteristic impedance Z0 = L C−−√ Z 0 = L C but the velocity factor is inversely proportional to L ⋅ C− −−−√ L ⋅ C (where L & C are per unit length). 1: 300-to- 50 Ω match using an quarter-wave section of line. *Solder resist PCB coating will have the effect of lowering the impedance (due to the 30um or so of Er 3. Easy to feed (coaxial cable, microstrip line, etc . 946 for silver, or 1. Following is the list of useful converters and calculators. The following formula is used to calculate a dielectric constant. Added period input to Wavelength calculator. *Comparisons show minimal differences to ADS linecalc and Polar Instruments Quicksolver industry standard tools. In high frequency applications, microstrip devices are not efficient, and because wavelength at high frequencies are small, microstrip device manufacturing requires very tight tolerances. m. From what I have understand I should use the following relationship: l = c/(f ∗ (√ Er)) l = c / ( f ∗ ( E r)). )Stripline has Better Immunity to Crosstalk. In this tutorial, we learn about synthesizing a microstrip transmission (calculating its length and width) using the line calculator (LineCalc) tool availabl. Pasternack's RF calculators and conversions section provides engineers valuable and easy-to-use tools ranging from complex mathematical formulas to simple conversions. Fairview Microwave's TEM (Transverse Electromagnetic Mode) Wavelength Calculator allows you to determine the wavelength (in millimeters) inside a rectangular wave guide given the frequency and dielectric constant (or VoP) of the input signal. Easy to form a large array, spaced at half-wavelength or less. 9 MHz. . Shorting Pin At the Feed to a Patch Antenna A shorting pin can also be used at the feed to a patch antenna, as shown in Figure 2. , n) is: Where, R = Radius of the Fresnel Zone in m/ft. These will also slightly change the resonant frequency of the stub. pH nH uH mH H kH. To behave similarly, the reactance of the tank inductor will be equal to 4/ π times the line impedance. A hairpin filter is compact and can be folded from the open line \(\frac{\lambda }{2 }\) wavelength microstrip resonator having stepped impedance to form ‘U’-shaped small structure that consists of parallel-coupled lines on both sides. One half-wavelength resonator of the high-frequency (f 2) signal path also provides port coupling function for the low-frequency (f 1. The waveguide calculator makes it possible to calculate the TEmn / TMmn propagated modes for m = 0,1,2; n = 0. Microstrip Wavelength Calculator Microstrip was first introduced by IIT federal telecommunications laboratories in new jersey in December 1952. A calculator for solving the maximum current a microstrip can handle. However, if the parasitics differ much from 0. This parameter is used for the loss calculations. Coupling to Direct Line Insertion Loss Conversion Table for Directional Couplers. Our free impedance calculator for coplanar waveguide can help you with your design features to ensure your PCB is working as you intend. **Note: Like our stripline impedance calculator, all of our RF calculators allow SI prefix input. The wavelength of the signal that can propagate effectively inside a microstrip is called the guided wavelength. Example 3. Note that this defines the bandwidth given the operating frequency and wavelength in free space: Microstrip patch antenna bandwidth A Microstrip Patch Antenna Calculator 2)The equivalent wavelength may be calculated using S-parameters, and known distance between ports. Electronics tools & calculators. 1, the top (visible) traces comprise one conductor, whereas the ground plane (underneath, so not. 4 (b), the cut-off or critical frequency, [Math Processing Error] f c. )Microstrip has Faster Propagation Time. When in doubt, use 1 for copper, . Then, multiply the values of L and l by 0. Both formulas of the dielectric, as well as the total losses, agree. 5 resin). Design of inductors High-impedance line Meander line Circular spiral Square spiral Circuit representation Initial design formula for straight-line inductor Prof. Microstrip Patch Antenna Calculator; PCB Loop Antenna Calculator; Wokatenna Design; Yagi Uda Antenna Designer (NBS Tech. Yes, you can calculate the wavelength of a dipole. Along the slot line, the electromagnetic wave encounters the substrate and the air, which serve as its transmission medium. 6) as: () 2 1 2 + = r fo c W ε (4. Do all your RF calculations using this application. The Physics. 4. Cadence/AWR. 9 A lossless microstrip line uses a 1-mm–wide conducting strip over a 1-cm–thick substrate with εr =2. 4 for 0. c) The wavelength of the line at 10 GHz. TEM wavelength is the distance between two adjacent peaks or troughs of adjacent cycles of the TEM wave. Microstrip verses Stripline)Microstrip has Lower Loss Tan Problem. High-speed PCBs operate in the range of. R = Distance to the center of the antenna (i. The prototype filter is composed of quarter-wavelength spaced shunt stub transmission lines. Quarter-wave antenna Make a 1/4 wavelength antenna + calculations Uhf antenna: quarter wave uhf antennaThe stripline impedance calculator provided below is useful for gaining an initial estimate of trace impedance for striplines. RF calculations and conversions include metric-standard, link. For example, with microstrip, you can specify the substrate parameters (primarily thickness and dielectric constant) and use Linecalc to calculate the impedance for a given line width; this is the “analysis” mode. These equations. The patch antenna is designed for 2. Crosstalk occurs when a signal "jumps" from one trace to another, a phenomenon that is unintentional and often unwanted. For example, if you wish to input "25000000", just type "25M" instead. - Balanced Attenuator Calculator. )Stripline has Better EMI Characteristics. t pd =𝟏/𝐯Ideally, it should resonate and produce a deep null in the insertion loss graph, exactly at 1/4 wavelength, which is $ f = frac{v}{4l} $. Press Analyze to see the results. The required inputs are the Dk value for the dielectric constant of the PCB substrate, and the. 5. Clearly show the electric and magnetic walls in the model. 5: Microstrip Design Formulas. Above. 1t for W/h ≤ 1 and Wr = W + 1. TEM wavelength is the distance between two adjacent peaks or troughs of adjacent cycles of the TEM wave. This tool is designed to calculate the inductance introduced by an edge-coupled trace. Note that this defines. Stripline Calculator. Additional benefits of patch antennas is that they are easily fabricated making them cost effective. 0. 13mm (depends on manufacturer's specs) and you get a trace width of ~0. Frequency to Wavelength Calculator. Tools. Telegram. Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) 1. Equation Source: Ulaby "Fundamentals of Applied. This parameter is used for the loss calculations. T. The electrical length is converted to a length represented by degrees using a ratio of the electrical length relative to one wavelength, with one wavelength representing 360 degrees. A microstrip width calculator can calculate the width of a microstrip. The electrical length is represented by the phase shift in degrees. Press Analyze to see the results. The second layer, improve beam shaping and bandwidth. 189. Embedded Microstrip Impedance Calculator This calculator helps you compute the characteristic impedance of an embedded microstrip. wavelength transmission line sections to provide ideal power divider characteristics. Wavelength: The wavelength is the distance between two consecutive points on a wave. The calculator requires you to input any two of the following three parameters: wave speed, frequency (or wave period) and wavelength. In design, the physical dimensions must be determined given the desired electrical properties. Also (20:Omega) line is about six times wider than a (50:Omega) line and so takes up a lot of room and there is a good chance that it could be close to other microstrip lines or perhaps the wall of an enclosure. It consists of a quarter-wavelength transmission-line, whose input impedance can be easily calculated using the expression. MHz, where λ is the wavelength in the microstrip. It assumes that the wave is traveling at the speed of light which is the case for most wireless signals. Microstrip patch antenna input impedance in the fundamental mode (i, j, k) = (1, 0, 0). Fairview Microwave's Waveguide Calculator provides the cutoff frequency, operating frequency range and closest waveguide size for a rectangular waveguide based on the custom inputted broad wall width. For a specific frequency of 50MHz, the wavelength of an antenna is calculated. waves, the length of it should be half the wavelength of the operating frequency. 1. third of operation wavelength (λ/3) above ground plane which cause to gain increase. 0833 meters, Antenna Length (%) = 365. e. - Materials used in PCB technology generally have Dk from 2 to 10 (Dk is dimensionless). This line consists of a metal-backed substrate of relative permittivity (varepsilon_{r}) on top of which is a metal strip. Wavelength Calculator. so the phase velocity for the wave guided by this line is about c/ 2. In the next couple of slides we're going to be looking at terms related to wavelength and frequency. Inputs Dielectric Constant Velocity of Propagation. 4 GHz of WLAN applications is presented. Just enter the given values for trace thickness, substrate heights, trace width, and substrate dielectric. 22mm. **Note: Like our stripline impedance calculator, all of our RF calculators allow SI prefix input. Marki Microwave's Tools is a collection of free online applications for RF analysis and synthesis that are easy to use and mobile-friendly. 2. The microstrip is designed so that its length is one-quarter or one-half of the wavelength of the signal propagating through it. 2 Sine Wave Characteristics. Ls =. Moreover, microstrip impedance and guide wavelength are undesirably sensitive functions of substrate thickness. Assume microstrip line for which propagation occurs with wavelength 60% that of free space. There is also a dielectric material placed above the conductor. For example, microstrip = microstripLine (Length=0. You may use the formula: Wavelength = c/f, where: c - The speed of light equal to 299,792,458 m/s; and; f - The frequency of the antenna. 06 x 10^8 m/s Answer 2. The distance of second layer from first layer is between λ/3 to λ/2. 9419 GHz. This is accomplished by properly choosing the modeModel a microstrip patch antenna using two feed methods (pin feed, microstrip edge feed). Fig. 4: Normalized even-mode and odd-mode effective. Directivity is the measure of ratio of power at the coupled port to the isolated port. The loss calculation is divided into conductor loss and dielectric loss. microstrip couplers, the coupled lines are weakly coupled and are of one-eighth wavelength at the highest operating frequency. Realisation of Low-pass Microstrip Filter Design a low pass filter for fabrication using microstrip lines. Most claim to use some or all of these formulas these formulas, but I have discovered ones, for instance, that appear to mistakenly substitute 0. google_logo Play. It consists of rectangular substrate and the metal trace layer as shown in Fig. The resulting impedance (in ohms) will then be displayed. 6c). 2GHz bands. 1. 19. 2 enable the electrical characteristics to be determined given the material properties and the physical dimensions of a microstrip line. Calculator 1: This calculates the Resonant Frequency of the LC tank circuit by entering the inductance and capacitance values. It is suitable for the production of flat structure transmission lines of microwave integrated. e. Waveguide calculator. And as a result, you have the wavelength of the dipole antenna. Coplanar Waveguide Calculator. If ‘ε g’ is the wavelength in microstrip line then ‘Wt’ and ‘Lt’ can be determined by the relation given below from [8]: W t /A0. If the ratio (L/W) is close to unity, the radiation pattern will be symmetric but may not provide a resonable. The period is the sine wave is the time from any given pint on the cycle to the same point on the following cycle. This tool will also give you the magnitude of the coupled voltage between. Using the substrate height, these are unnormalized to obtain the actual physical dimensions. Using this formula above as an example, at the wavelength at 2. Each Port is matched to the characteristic impedance Z 0 of the single, isolated microstrip transmission line. Published in association with. 2. 6 GHz. Simons, "Coplanar Waveguide Circuits, Components, and Systems", Wiley. 4. All the very best. This implies that the resulting transmission line resonators are one-quarter wavelength long at 2 f 0 (i. Wavelength on microstrip line. Regardless of this difference, the size of WPD and many other microstrip components significantly depend on their quarter-wavelength branches, such as branch-line couplers, rat-race couplers, and. TX-LINE software enables users to enter either physical or electrical characteristics for common transmission mediums: microstrip, stripline, coplanar. 45 for gold. 1. 4 GHz operation on a substrate with 2. Overview. 2. T = 1/f = 0. The best inexpensive TL design tool is TL calculator in LINC2 RF design program. 75 ϵ r, e f f ≈ ( 4. To compensate, the lengths of the transmission lines could be adjusted. 2)The equivalent wavelength may be calculated using S-parameters, and known distance between ports. The dielectric substrate is considered as a finite substrate and an infinite planar multilayer substrate. 1 Microstrip Dielectric Mode (Slab Mode) A dielectric on a ground plane with an air region (of a wavelength or more above it) can support a TM mode, generally called a microstrip dielectric mode, substrate mode, microstrip TM mode, or slab mode. 4 GHz. Enter one of the three values and the calculator will output the other two. Print - Advertisement - A tool designed to calculate the. )Stripline has Better Immunity to Crosstalk. Quarter-wavelength in feet: 234 / frequency in MHz. To help you achieve this feat, Sierra Circuits has introduced the Bandwidth, Rise Time and Critical Length Calculator. 4mm PCB for a trace width of 0. A quarter wave transformer is used to match two transmission lines with different impedances. 417*lambda). A tool designed to calculate the guided wavelength inside a microstrip. These are considered to be standardized impedance values with cables readily available. If the line width is 1 mm, and operated at 10 GHz, calculate 4. 2. To achieve a matching impedance of 50 Ohm, the ground plane elements are bent down at an angle of 45 degrees and no matching stubs or balans are needed. 6. The elliptical antenna is modified to Ultra-wideband at a range (3. A common reaction to problems with microstrip circuits is to. A node is a point on a standing wave of minimum amplitude. WhatsApp. When in doubt, use 1 for copper, . Wr is a correction factor defined as Wr = W + 1. This is the basic principle of microstrip and stripline directional couplers. All About Circuits is the largest online electrical engineering communities in the world with over 700K engineers, who collaborate every day to innovate, design, and create. ZCochran98. Consider a square patch antenna fed at the end as before in Figure 1a. This calculator can calculate the impedance and propagation delay of the embedded microstrip. The microstrip antenna can also be matched to a transmission line of characteristic impedance Z0 by using a quarter-wavelength transmission line of characteristic impedance Z1 as shown in Figure 2. June 30, 2021 at 12:32 pm. 6: Microstrip Design Formulas. 1 (c). A slot or gap with a conducting coating on a dielectric substrate makes up a slot line, a form of transmission line comparable to CPW. Where, D = Antenna dimensions (Can be the length or diameter of the antenna) f = Signal Frequency. The Pasternack wavelength calculator Transverse Electromagnetic Mode (TEM) allows you to determine the wavelength (in millimeters) inside a rectangular waveguide. At this stage the widths and spacings of the microstrip circuit are normalized. Solution. Differential Pair Impedance. So it should be possible for the velocity to change without the characteristic impedance changing, but. Advertisement. Helical or Helix Antennas transmit a circular polarized wave. 3. VSWR to Return Loss. 2 enable the electrical characteristics to be determined given the material properties and. Result. 11b and 802. Wu Components –lumped inductors and capacitors Design of capacitors Interdigital capacitorThe earliest and most common microstrip antenna is the rectangular printed patch. To use the calculator, place values in either the velocity of propagation field. The default units for all given values, except the subtrate dielectric, is in millimetres. Video Lectures created by Tim Feiegenbaum at North Seattle Community College. A high-impedance line (here W=25 microns) is used to transform the RF short circuit to an RF open circuit; this is necessary so that the bias arm does not load the RF path. A tool designed to calculate skin depth based on the conductive material being used and the frequency of the signal. A transmission line (coax, microstrip CPW, stripline but NOT waveguide) can be considered low-loss if the loss per wavelength is less than 0. This is based on the IEEE paper "Modeling Via Grounds in Microstrip" IEEE Microwave and Guided Wave Letters, Vol. The length of the dipole is usually one-half of the wavelength of the RF signals. f. Compare your results with those obtained by using CD Module 2. A quarter-wave transformer is a simple impedance transformer which is commonly used in impedance matching in order to minimize the energy which is reflected when a transmission line is connected to a load. Light weight. Microstrip Wavelength Calculator A tool designed to calculate the guided wavelength inside a microstrip. RF calculations and RF conversions include metric. The characteristic impedance (Z o) of a microstrip transmission line can be calculated using the active calculator or the equations at the bottom of the page. Calculates the resistance, inductance and capacitance per unit length of common low-loss transmission line configurations. 6 Ω and ε e = 6. 8541878128 (13)×10 −12 F⋅m −1 ) To calculate a dielectric constant, divide the permittivity of the substance by the permittivity of a. Re: Microstrip design When you design transmission line (TL) frequency is not in the equations for geometry, only for losses. Microstrip Via Hole Inductance. ꟷMicrostrip lines are types of planar transmission lines widely used in printed circuit boards (PCBs) • Made by a strip conductor, dielectric substrate, and a ground plate. 946 for silver, or 1. The above equation is important: it states that by using a quarter-wavelength of transmission line, the impedance of the load (ZA) can be transformed via the above equation. The purpose of this study is to improve antenna performance, such as gain, directivity, S11, and bandwidth. Following equation or formula is used for directional coupler calculator. The calculator requires you to input any two of the following three parameters: wave speed, frequency (or wave period) and wavelength. Step 1: Calculation of the Width (W): The width of the Microstrip patch antenna is given by equation (3.